Should the length of time for prescription drug patents be reduced to Research Paper

Should the length of time for prescription drug patents be reduced to encourage the entry of generic drugs If not, what would - Research Paper Example Industrialized countries usually have a high price of pharmaceuticals, so generic pharmaceuticals are used most frequently. Sales of generic drugs in Canada, the US, the UK, and Denmark is more than 40% of the total pharmaceutical sales (King and Kanvos, 2002). Patients are more likely to choose generic drugs as long as they get reimbursed for newer patented drugs whereas their savings are spent in making choices among the generic drugs. However, generic drugs have been heavily criticized for their substandard manufacturing and poor quality. Apart from the fact that they are not rigorously tested, problem also relates to poor compliance of the manufacturers of generics with the practice guidelines. The cost of general drugs is typically lesser than the branded drugs by 30% to 60% (Lewek and Kardas, 2010). Patients on generic drugs have increased tendency to continue therapy compared to patients who take branded drugs. Generic drugs are spared the expensive clinical trials that are a prerequisite for branded drugs to be approved which makes the quality and safety of general drugs questionable. Some legal loopholes which delayed the approval of generic drugs have been closed by The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (FDA, 2011). This is evident from the fact that the act does not allow for more than a 30-month stay of generic approval when a generic company is sued by an innovator company with respect to patent issues. A stay is delay in the approval of the generic drug which happens when a patent infringement lawsuit is filed by a branded drug company. The purpose of this delay is to allow time to solve issues regarding the infringement of a drug patent by a generic company. The generic drug is not approved by the FDA during the stay. 30-month stays is the limit established in line with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recommendations (FDA,

Stragic Staffing Handbook Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stragic Staffing Handbook - Research Paper Example ave policies 28 Communication processes 28 Employment termination process 28 Leaving procedures 28 Disciplinary procedures 28 Introduction to Strategic Staffing Strategic staffing is mandatory for every organization as they need to develop effective mechanisms in the organizations to ensure that the number of employees employed is proper (Abraham, 2007). The organizations need to ensure that appropriate staffing requirements are in place so that they have an idea about the direction in which the organization should move ahead. According to Naris and Ukpere (2010) and Noe et al. (2006), it is important strategic staffing handbook takes account of all the important rules and policies so that employees have an idea about the working environment of the organization. The strategic staffing handbook must be developed in consensus with the top management so that they are willing to contribute to the organization’s performance (Millmore et al., 2007). All the organizations need to ens ure that proper policies and guidelines are provided so that the organization’s performance can be judged and it can easily take into account of any problems that might occur in future (Naris and Ukpere, 2009). According to Holland et al. (2007), the primary aims of the strategic staffing handbook are: 1. Job Analysis: Provide description of the number of employees required alongwith the capabilities of the employees to perform the tasks. It will provide details about the way it should be done. 2. Postings: The ways in which posting will be done alongwith the process of doing the recruitment. 3. Recruitment and Selection Process: Identify the current and forecasted level of employees and ensure that the employees are retained in the organization. Describe the application process and final selection details alongwith interview. 4. Post-assessment strategies: The Company will provide guidelines about the way in which the employees will be motivated to work in the organization a nd will retain as well. Brief Description about the company The industry that our company has decided to enter is fast food industry and the range of products that will be offered will constitute of all kinds of fast food items. The test marketing of the products has been successful and the marketing activities will be designed to create product and brand awareness as well as grow customer base. Our company is medium sized in structure and it is important that we do proper planning for the set up of our organization. The company â€Å"Food Mania† has its own market and currently, there are few competitors that are making fresh and customized products. Our company is mainly targeting

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Essay Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is recommended by the NICE guidelines as an effective treatment for many mental health problems, specifically depression and all of the anxiety disorders. But is it a therapy open to all? When Professor Lord Layard wrote his paper: â€Å"Mental Health: Britain’s Biggest Social Problem? † in 2005, he noted that: â€Å"16% of adults of working age have a mental illness† Of these 16%, he stated that, only a quarter were utilising any type of treatment. It was this sort of finding that lead to his recommendation to increase accessibility to proven therapies such as CBT. This was achieved with the roll out of the Improved Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) programme. The diagram below shows how the IAPT programme has been divided up into 3 steps: It is this stepped approach that will contribute to overcoming some of the barriers that societies diversity may have with accessing CBT. What might these barriers be? One of the first barriers an individual faces may be around the concern of being stigmatised. It may be too hard for them to think about accessing CBT therapy for fear of what others may think. They may not want to take time off work to attend sessions for fear of it impacting negatively on their career prospects. The stepped care model means they are able to receive the lowest appropriate service tier support. This may mean that an individual is able to access therapy using guided self-help, allowing them to work through the programme in their own time and at their own pace. Online programmes such as â€Å"Fearfighter† and â€Å"Beating the Blues† allow the individual to access therapy where and when they like. Not only do these sort of programmes overcome the fear of stigma but they also overcome the issue of long waiting lists meaning that the individual can access treatment on their terms almost instantaneously. Only if this level of support proves unsuccessful will the individual then be â€Å"stepped up† to the high intensity support. These internet CBT programmes also overcome geographical difficulties, as long the individual has access to the internet and phone. In my opinion the internet is one of the main ways in which barriers may be removed. Morland et al (2011) conducted a study on the effectiveness of CBT delivered via video conferencing compared to the â€Å"traditional in-person†. The results indicated that the outcomes were just as effective. A promising move for those that are unable to access traditional CBT as a result of their location or possible mental health issue, for example those suffering agoraphobia. At the core of CBT is the individual’s motivation to learn and change. This in itself can lead to difficulties, especially in children and young people. Often this â€Å"group† is being taken to therapy rather than choosing to go. Hudson (2005) found that large numbers of youngsters were not responding to the CBT treatment that they were receiving. As far as children and young people are concerned there seems to have been limited research onto the success of CBT treatment. The first controlled trials did not take place until the early 1990s and the majority of research has focused on the impact of CBT on adults. Even so the NICE guidelines on Depression in Children and Young People recommended the use of CBT, firstly, rather than pharmacological interventions. So how has CBT been adapted to incorporate children and young people, whose very cognition and emotional stages differs from that of adults? There have been some creative adaptations to the CBT model such as â€Å"Think Good Feel good†. Here the concept of CBT is broken down into easy to manage bites. There is also a lot of use of cartoons and speech bubbles, allowing the young person to access their thoughts and feelings in a safe way. The need to use more non-verbal techniques to help the young person to engage in the process such as, storytelling, drawing and games is also highlighted in this book. O’Reilly et al (2009) have also developed an interesting approach to using CBT with children and young people. They have created a game called â€Å"gNAtenboroughs Island† which is played by the youngster alongside a therapist. Each session introduces another core CBT concept to the young person, such as the connection between thoughts, feelings and behaviours. These are presented in a non-threatening way and also a way that may be more engaging to this age group. Cerangolu (2010) found that video games could enhance the therapeutic experience. They could help facilitate the therapeutic relationship as young people may be more willing to relate to a therapist that is ready to engage and understand their normal way of playing. Also sitting side by side rather than at the conventional â€Å"ten to two† setting also may make the young person relax. How the game is played can also reveal the young person cognitive style. As technology develops so do the opportunities to engage young people in therapy. Apps for smartphones are constantly being developed that allow the young person to access their homework in a more user friendly way, to record their thoughts and emotions instantaneously. To allow them to engage in therapy in the same way that they engage in their life. Homework may be a part of CBT therapy that causes a young person to disengage, especially as the very word may cause them to have negative connotations. Gaynor et al (2006) found that compliance toward completing homework dropped the further into therapy a young person was. It is important that the therapist and client work together to agree the homework and that the young person is encouraged to set their own, as this may encourage a â€Å"buy in â€Å"to its importance. It may be that the therapist stays away from using the language of school and calls it â€Å"practise work† or â€Å"work for self†. Initially I saw CBT treatment as regimented and unmoving, but the more I have researched the barriers that different people may encompass when thinking of embarking on treatment the more I realise that CBT is indeed structured but there is an innate flexibility about how it is delivered. It is this flexibility that allows people from different backgrounds to engage in a CBT approach that sees them as an individual rather than specific disorder.

Supply side factors disadvantages of girls in education

Supply side factors disadvantages of girls in education Introduction In my paper for writing assignment on drop out, supply side and demand side are really the influent factors for concerned problem over the field of basic education regarding to higher drop -out rate of poor students. This problem has been the focus of generation to generation particularly the education problem for dropping out in Cambodia. And the key factors are supply and demand side for poor students to access school. To make clear finding, explanation and discussion over the demand side and supply side, some ideas should be highlighted according to document and survey books provided online by Thomas Zimmermann, and I would like to raise some indicated suggestion or recommend from research found on how the government can reduce problem on drop out. It is the latter, of course, that is important for committing the appropriate policies to close education gender gaps. Reasonable assessment in this or same frameworks (Alderman King, 1998; Rosenzweig Schultz, 1982) can indicate why investments in girls human capital are often lower than boys. On the other factors to be the same for both sexes, daughters will get less schooling than sons if the remittance rate is higher out of sons wealth, if the marginal returns to schooling in the labor market are everywhere higher for boys than girls. Effective interconnection networking enables quality of higher education. We recommended that all the various-described above is going to determine the term quality in higher education. These dimensions are going to be measured in the after stages for seeing if Cambodian Higher Education replies to all the different-depicted in the literature. According to the term quality, interrelationship between both teacher and students can deal the problems shown in how well learners learn and how careful ways that teachers can take note on the progressively learning of students, moreover students can feel comfortable in accessing learning which requires quality in education. Chickering and Gamson (1987) conclude that socialize with others increase close growth in learning. Some concerns over the learning process are that students in higher education more often complaint over the problems they face which it is hard to be solved if teachers do not try to facilitate the matter after class. Teachers are the real compromisers and they are also the agents in pushing students learning performs better. According to Lehmkuhle is notified and have expressed in Massys (2003) research providing experiences to educational institutions more frequently deliver developing ideas to construct quality. As for cooperation as well as vision, skillful and expertise teachers could also enhance the quality in learning and experience. And, empirical studies will be found through among skillful and expertise group of teachers, Finding Supply side and demand side may cause in disadvantages of girls in education Distance is also included with expenditure that will be an adherence for students access and dropout, who both of the components cannot give more opportunity for students to go to school and it keeps students to face the household. Parents will find fewer benefits from their children when they send children to school due to the payment and earning is not found equally which family may face the low income. So spending on the distance for children to school has the alternative choice that is enormously cost for low income family not to send children to school. This factor may be noticeable which distances to schools in country areas are highly scarce. On the other factors finance-increasing for school can be what is going on for rural family to manage and control spending on the study material and to attain the sustainable educational access for their children, poverty leads to child labor which is other factors that keep students late to start school with workload, late entry, geography, ethnicity is subsided effectively influent on the girls education (Government of Cambodia, 1996 to 2006, p 7-13). Gender differences in response to policy change Gender varieties in dealing with guideline can also be increased from diversities in schooling cost functions. What is needed is for the marginal costs of schooling to be on rise at noticeable price for girls and boys. If families are valued and thus have to support education through cutting out in other first period expenditures, noticeable costs may high via abolished marginal use of consumption, which causes the value of forgone utility to rise at the margin as schooling earn more focus and expectation falls. Further, fees and other direct school costs are usually mainly greater at higher levels of schooling and often necessary because state education nominally free in many countries. As stated in Gender and education for all: The leap to equality, gender parity and gender equality in education give unexpected future needs (UNESCO 2003). Parity is succeeded when boys and girls have the equal access in school-link to their schooling age allowance-accept the systematized providing education, reach the future education quality, and make more progress in spiracle studies (UNESCO 2003). Achieving parity is crucial for getting quality in education, insufficiently, for equality requirement could be regarded as first stage of development towards equality of education in balancing gender (Subrahmanian n.d.). Equity is the method of giving equal footing to girls and boys. To keep balance of righteousness, methodology must be free for giving inequity that keeps girls and boys from joining on a level in education. Equity can be slightly meant for other reasons could deliver other occasions for students obtaining the successful results. On the other aspects raised a tendency for gender that varies in policies causing school expenditure together with quality to be important in education. Gender gap also crucial that motivate and provide girls with follow up when they are absent and particularly focus on to balance the gender gap in education. Mother should have enough time to take care and send their daughters to school with the sufficient providing income from the family master. Aspects of school quality/environment that is different for girls and boys In most countries the mount of boy enrolment is a bit higher than girl that make less doubtful observation, and the amount of female teachers in school is lack that is the problem leads to inequality in girl education. A key factor (Glick, 2006) is that workforce attention and job opportunity is far-reaching for girls than boys, who wish to join full time over their high level learning years. In the other social aspects, the average of the daughters will have fewer years in pursuing their full-time in work force than will sons. Even where, for more remarkable issue is the unfair teachers value especially girls are the target and can be the victims of sex due to interaction between male teachers or students and the other social fearful factors that give them less chance for education. In Egypt, dropping out rate of girl education grades 6-8 is connected with poor school learning quality in a many of scales, when having few relation for boys (Lloyd,El Tawila, Clark, Mensch, 2003). Parents become scared of sending daughters to school due to poverty, distance, inequality of school learning program for other reasons girls can help do more household and take care of sick family member (Esther Velasco, 2001). Marriage also disrupts girls to marry at the young age for earning support from husband than depending only on the family master, the old-fashion ideas girls after marriage they cannot avoid being around the kitchen and take care of children at home. Thats why this concern gives less expected motivation and encouragement to struggle for their daughters future education. If compare with boys education, boys seem to have freely-social benefits of restriction and going out with friends more favorable than girls. Attaining parity in registration contains a specific skill and is basic to gender equality. Otherwise, paying attention on access as the first issue for girls can be carelessly thought of the essential for both quality and gender, with the wrong consideration that what needs should be provided to students in the classroom and what the differences should be balanced between girls and boys. Some of the more attractive incentive is to provide beneficial registration, such as giving food and finance to support the living condition of parents and they are to send their children to school, diagnose only, not the basic effects of inequality. To ensure the equal quality in learning to learners, A USAID-auspicious program in Mali, for example, earn more education demand in quality and equality of education are complicatedly connected (UNESCO 2004). Poor or mistreated children, who seem to have low educated parents will face less chance to get and join learning at home, are more reliant on teachers center than are students center. As noticed, the lack of clearly explained lesson will often make the most mistreated children leave school unreasonably. Research has indicated that girls are willing to be responsible for quality learning than boys and they need the quality in teachers. Equal right to education Boys and girls need to have equal right for education according to the norms of society and research found that school learning program will give more understanding in social work and also provide the balance of gender in developing interconnection between boys and girls in uniting the human being society. Increasing the education levels for girls is frequently supposed as an prioritized factor for rehabilitant countries (World Bank 2001, Schultz 2002).Education should be conducted with gender equivalence to reflect the thoughtful equality in the learning process and help the girl have life skill to make a living and girls tend to work and learn better if the chore is less burdened (DeJaeghere, 2004). School access is the chance for boys and girls to compare their innate talent through having systematized and out of systematized education with exchanging programs from school curriculum and give them the same training to learn and know about gender prejudice. Teachers should be traine d more on the gender education to measure the literacy rate. Teachers should be aware of a particular interest on the girls education especially give them technical learning method and enthusiasm in learning environment by doing more research than boys and connect the theory learned to the real practice. To make sure, girls and boys obtain the balance attraction and involvement in learning opportunity. Disability can be the problem for students enrolment In developing countries, school access is hard to be found for some disable students which is set out of school enrolment due to their disability that may be the concern of other influent sides in learning with other students and they should be more over paid attention by the inclusive school in providing quality in education. Now teacher become realized and found the same quality in learning between disable students, however, parent feel less positive with their childrens learning as they just pay attention only on the appearance, after they feed and educate their disable children they can see very diverse result of talent, adversity and trails of how their children learn if they can keep eye on from their children innate ability. Cambodia government plan on influent reduction in girl education Campaign Noticeable point over the girl influent reduction campaign in girl education, there is still contrasting policy in which girls in some countries take much longer time to work somehow in far-reaching world in local work. Otherwise, studies on the girl education are prevented owing to their work chore. According to the government campaign on influent reduction has many practical strategies to provide the girls access in school learning program by creating a local communities to disseminate about the benefits on the girls education to low-educated parents, build more schools in living communities to ease the distance between where the girls work and live, provide more expected labor market equally to girls future jobs, control the registration of girls in school which socially isolated group should be aware of and increase the salary for labor market in the future, decrease the payment for girls attention at school (Glick, 2002). Labor market policies should be well-explained to enlighten some parents who expect the future labor market of girl education would be lower than boy education because of working time that can misunderstand parents in doing business with girl education. Result Balancing results occur when the situation of boys and girls, having access to goods and resources, and having ability to share to, join, and credit from economic, social, cultural, and political activities are the same. This refers to job opportunities, the time needed to secure hiring after leaving full-time education, and the profit of girls and boys with the same qualifications and experience are equivalent. The four dimensions of gender, equality, rights and labor market are related, but that relationship is complicated and not highlighted linear. Parity in registration and scarce gender equality in schooling can, and often do, have at the same time with inequalities outside of systematized education. Of course, several explorers have identified that educational success for girls does not automatically change into higher economic status or seldom political attention as adults (SERNAM 2004). Meanwhile, developing opportunities for girls in the labor market can give them the financial means to access their children to school. Attaining equality after learners complete their studies and enter the labor market requires interventions that go over the education management. . Conclusion Even though important learning conducted on concerning methodology with existing research, several policies can be known in the education with benefits of sending girls to school. All the above finding gives enough evidence to conclude girls education of being prohibited more than boys by the distance to school, low future job income, high payment on school, lack of nearby schools, no communities or media to educate low-educated parents on girls schooling. The investment on the girls upgraded the future possibility of schools are therefore seem to be the negative benefit of girls attention and achievement, moreover such a policy cannot be the clear aim of girls. And more often it can be set as that girls schooling is more seriously thought than boys in exchanging the school cost and avoid ethnic prejudice. In this case is more frequently found demand side and supply side the real hindrance for education of girls. There still have some other suggestion that the demand for girls education is more burdened than boys to develop in school quality, equal right, environment and gender difference to obtain fully-natural talent through education policy which may have gender tendency even on girls schooling access. Quality, dropout, and other attainment can be notified success of an education policy to maintain the equal right and access for both boys and girls to reflect inequity gender in education. As the Gender Equality in Education only noticed that, solving problem campaign of reduction in girl education is not enough to provide boys and girls the same opportunity and benefit from their education. Sending children to school is providing them the future wealth and job with related, high quality education for all.

circumstances in make lemonade Essay -- essays research papers

Circumstances   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Circumstances; they rule our lives. One has if not no control, then VERY little control, over their actions when they are placed in harsh circumstances. It is very difficult to break through your surroundings, to beat everyone around you.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a quote â€Å"Circumstances rule men and not circumstances.† The idea of this quote, that one doesn’t have control over their turnout when they are placed in harsh circumstances, shows up in other places as well. There is another quote which is similar to this one. The quote is â€Å"Circumstances define us; they force us on one road or another then they punish us for it†. â€Å"Circumstances define us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  we are only who the people around us make us out to be. We take after our surroundings. It is hard to stay away from bad things, if all that surrounding us is bad. It is difficult to resist peer pressure. In the novel Make Lemonade, by Virginia Ewer Wolf, LaVaughn wants out. She wants to get away from all of the violence, all the drugs. She wants to get out of where she lives, which is very similar to the projects, some neighborhoods near her ARE the projects, and to go to college. She wants to escape from all of the peer pressure. She understands that she is not capable of becoming the type of woman she wants to be if she never experiencing life outside of her circumstances, life outside of drugs, violence and other things of the sort. Her surroundings, the circumstance...

How do the three poems To His Coy Mistress, The Sick Rose and Essay

How do the three poems To His Coy Mistress, The Sick Rose and Sonnet 138 convey the imperfect nature of love? Each of the three poems conveys the imperfect nature of love in one way or another. Personally I feel that love can never be perfect as there are always going to be arguments that arise in any relationship. I think that two people can love each other but it will never be perfect unless there is complete trust and understanding in all situations. Another reason is that there is no such thing as perfection so therefore everything can always be better. The three poems that I am comparing are ‘To His Coy Mistress’, Andrew Marvell (1621-78), ‘The Sick Rose’, William Blake (1757-1827) and ‘Sonnet 138’, William Shakespeare (1564-1616) None of the poems portray a romantic idea of love, but more the dark side of it. Each shows a different aspect of love. However they all show that love is not perfect. Although each poem deals with the imperfect nature of love, they each have their own diverse theme. ‘To His Coy Mistress’ is about sexual desire and basically the poet trying to get his mistress into bed. In this poem the man is trying to persuade and pressure the woman. We then have a poem that can also be interpreted as sexual. An example of the sexual implications of te poem is however this poem’s interpretation is more down to the reader and how they view it. Even with its many interpretations ‘The Sick Rose’ essentially gives a warning about the dangers that love can bring. The third poem has no similarities within the theme as the others do. ‘Sonnet 138’ deals with the imperfect nature of love through the form of lies within a relationship. We can see similarities between the themes of ‘To His Co... ...e similarities within the tones but William Shakespeare’s is completely different to both of them. This poem is more thoughtful and advising. It starts as thoughtful then begins to become questioning. At the end it then develops a tone of resignation. Overall in my opinion ‘The Sick Rose’ is the poem that depicts the imperfect nature of love best. This is because it is the most serious of the poems and it is the one that contains the most warnings. In the other two poems there is a feeling of happiness. Even in ‘To His Coy Mistress’ there is a sense of love in the relationship. ‘The Sick Rose’ however does not give any feelings of happiness but instead reveals a rather dark side of love that nobody would like to be part of. It shows more the pain involved in love. The poem shows that even although people feel love it may not necessarily make them happy. How do the three poems To His Coy Mistress, The Sick Rose and Essay How do the three poems To His Coy Mistress, The Sick Rose and Sonnet 138 convey the imperfect nature of love? Each of the three poems conveys the imperfect nature of love in one way or another. Personally I feel that love can never be perfect as there are always going to be arguments that arise in any relationship. I think that two people can love each other but it will never be perfect unless there is complete trust and understanding in all situations. Another reason is that there is no such thing as perfection so therefore everything can always be better. The three poems that I am comparing are ‘To His Coy Mistress’, Andrew Marvell (1621-78), ‘The Sick Rose’, William Blake (1757-1827) and ‘Sonnet 138’, William Shakespeare (1564-1616) None of the poems portray a romantic idea of love, but more the dark side of it. Each shows a different aspect of love. However they all show that love is not perfect. Although each poem deals with the imperfect nature of love, they each have their own diverse theme. ‘To His Coy Mistress’ is about sexual desire and basically the poet trying to get his mistress into bed. In this poem the man is trying to persuade and pressure the woman. We then have a poem that can also be interpreted as sexual. An example of the sexual implications of te poem is however this poem’s interpretation is more down to the reader and how they view it. Even with its many interpretations ‘The Sick Rose’ essentially gives a warning about the dangers that love can bring. The third poem has no similarities within the theme as the others do. ‘Sonnet 138’ deals with the imperfect nature of love through the form of lies within a relationship. We can see similarities between the themes of ‘To His Co... ...e similarities within the tones but William Shakespeare’s is completely different to both of them. This poem is more thoughtful and advising. It starts as thoughtful then begins to become questioning. At the end it then develops a tone of resignation. Overall in my opinion ‘The Sick Rose’ is the poem that depicts the imperfect nature of love best. This is because it is the most serious of the poems and it is the one that contains the most warnings. In the other two poems there is a feeling of happiness. Even in ‘To His Coy Mistress’ there is a sense of love in the relationship. ‘The Sick Rose’ however does not give any feelings of happiness but instead reveals a rather dark side of love that nobody would like to be part of. It shows more the pain involved in love. The poem shows that even although people feel love it may not necessarily make them happy.

Comparing Political Philosophy Theories Essay

Respond to the prompt for each of the five ethical theories listed. One section on each chart has been filled in as an example. What is good? (1–2 sentences) Aristotle – Virtue Ethics Mill – Utilitarianism Kant – Deontology Consequentialism Nodding – Care Ethics what would you say is our principal or highest objective by nature? According to Aristotle, it is the attainment of happiness, for it is that alone that we seek for its own sake. Based on Aristotle assertion a woman bearing a child is good.For J.S. Mill, decreasing pain and increasing pleasure is good. However, not all pleasure is the same. Mill argues that intellectual pleasures are superior to bodily pleasures (Mill, Utilitarianism, and Chapter 2).â€Å"Act only on that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† Basically made poor decisions or ethical decision based on rational thinking.The theory that the value and especially the moral value of an action should be judged by the value of its consequences.The ethics of care is a normative ethical theory; that is, a theory about what makes actions right o r wrong. What path or rule do you follow to achieve the good? (1–2 sentences) Aristotle – Virtue EthicsMill – UtilitarianismKant – DeontologyConsequentialismNodding – Care EthicsFor Aristotle, virtue is the way to achieve the good. Moral virtue is a state of character and can only be acquired by habit. In other words, we need to practice being morally virtuous in order to be virtuous. Aristotle describes moral virtue as a mean. We act morally, if we do the right thing, at the right time, â€Å"with reference to the right objects, towards the right people, with the right motive and in the right way† (Nicomachean Ethics, Book II, 1 and 6; see also Moore and Bruder, 2011, p. 265).Utilitarianism advocates maximizing utilities and moral evaluations of public policies. It helps explain why some people actions are generally wrong and others are generally right and he influenced ethical decisions.The deontology refers to moral obligation. As we made the decisions that life must understand the one right is important even though everyone is tomorrow wrong always do right regardless.I think by taking in consideration the moral value and the actions the standard display when making decisions. Understanding the consequences to see the decision if not follow out a law of land.It is important to love thy neighbor. It sounds a little clichà © it’s however basically we should live our life each day by exercise the care ethics system. Assumptions or requirements (2–4 sentences) Aristotle – Virtue EthicsMill – UtilitarianismKant – DeontologyConsequentialismNoddings – Care EthicsAristotle) is basing his theory of nationalistic ethical. This belief was pretty good for us as defined by our natural objective.His requirement was basically reducing pain that will actually increase pleasure. In essence making sound decisions based on bodily pleasures.And Kant’s theory the deontology base is the study of moral obligation. As we are responsible for our actions and doing what right at all times.The first assumption is that after all is said and done, only the results of our actions remain, therefore, the results are what a moral theory should focus on. The second assumption is that we love others as much as we love ourselves. This assumption means that we will act to promote the overall good, so long as that action â€Å"does not hurt others more† (Haines, 2006).First we must display some level of sensitivity to be able to exe mplify desires spirit. We are responsible up in our brains keep a careful one of the actions is careful and must consider the feeling that so that we don’t interfere with you making ethical decision. Provide an example of how this ethical theory might work (5 or more sentences) Aristotle – Virtue EthicsMill – UtilitarianismKant – DeontologyConsequentialismNoddings – Care EthicsVirtue ethics is a theory used to make moral decisions. It does not rely on religion, society or culture; it only depends on the individuals themselves. The main philosopher of Virtue Ethics is Aristotle. His theory was originally introduced in ancient Greek times. Aristotle was a great believer in virtues and the meaning of virtue to him meant being able to fulfill one’s functions The utilitarianism works in determining consideration of right conduct should be useful of his consequences. This spectacle theory is basically based off the fat that is largely possible ability of balance pleasure over pain. This action should take a lot of consideration which the way we made the decision about disciplinary action on people or even animals. It was said that the actions of sacrifice and people or animals is wrong. So drawn my friend coworker on the bus and a heated argument with display that ethics.The deontology is the basis of more action duties. The principle of goodwill is what makes people act for duty, and acting for duty given them action of more value. However the action does not take into consideration the consequences thereof. From the consequentialism also known as the idea of the therapist is less and this chapter we discuss the beauty and friendship as well as pleasure that one should aim towards maximizing on. Lovely decision in my life and ethical way to maintain friendship even though that means sometimes being completely honest with a friend. It is very important that we made the decisions that will be conducive to our morals and ethical background. As a result that’s the beauty of the virtual ethic.My best friend comes to me asking for advice. She is having problems in her marriage and just found out she is pregnant. Due to the economic downturn, she may lose her job in the coming months. Her relationship with her husband is strained and is having a serious emotional toll on her. She is considering an abortion. I am the carer and she is the cared-for. I do not consider her unborn child because my friend is the one in immediate pain or peril. I recommend counseling. I also try and gently ask questions to see what options she has and what she has thought about. I do not tell her what I think she should do in this case or what I think is right or wrong. I only ask how I can help her.